Review Of Cruise Tourism And Malaysia Tourism Essay

Review Of journey touristry And Malaysia patchism Essay travel Tourism is one of the major ontogeny aras of world touristry Peisley, 1992 Hobson, 1993 Cruise Lines supranational Association, 1995. tally to the Economist Intelligence UnitThere seems little doubt that, by the forge of the century, cruising will be firmly launch as one of the worlds major tourism industries with significant markets in North America, the UK, Europe and Asia. The total number of annual passengers will have reached 8 zillion rundown Cruising is the hot-growing sector of the international holiday scene (The Passenger Shipping Association, 2003). Cruise tourism can be defined as the use of ships for pleasure cruising and non merely for s elanation (UNWTO, 1997). Ocean and coastal travel tourism is unique in the manner in which it provides a combination of transportation, accommodation, entertainment, retail and endpoint services. Cruise liners can be regarded as floating resort facilities, w hich have the major advantage of seasonal repositioning.From its preponderantly Caribbean base, cruise tourism has spread across the world, increasing ports of call in all regions. As tumefy as this, river and canal cruising has grown rapidly, particularly in Europe and China. The cruise industry is growing, expanding and accessing new markets by, in part, bringing into reach a diversity of popular and successful ends that be new for cruise tourism, by exploiting previously under-utilised ports (Younger, 2003).2.1.1 The cruise industryThe growth of the cruise market throughout the world, and perhaps more notably in the United Kingdom (UK) has been one of the most remarkable phenomena of the 1990s (Wild Dearing, 2000). The cruise industry is the fastest growing segment of the travel industry achieving more than 2,100 percent growth since 1970, when an estimated 500,000 people took a cruise. diligence estimates are that 13.5 million people took a cruise vacation in 2009, with a total of 14.3 million passengers forecasted to sail in 2010. (Cruise Lines International Association CLIA, 2010).In early 2001, 64 new and larger skill ships were in production, expanding passenger capacities by 35%. More than 50% of these ships are dedicated to the United States tourism market and are now operating throughout the Caribbean (Sparrow, 2004). The cruise industrys growth is also reflected in its expanding leaf node capacity. Nearly 40 new ships were built in the 1980s and during the 1990s, nearly 80 new ships debuted. By the end of 2009, over 100 new ships were introduced since 2000, with 12 new vessels on the way for 2010. (CLIA, 2010)These new vessels hunt more passengers, more crew, generate more waste and consume more goods and services.2.2 Theoretical FrameworkAccording to Weaver and Oppermann (2000), tourism is a complex phenomenon involving many actors and interactive factors. Some of the actors are tourists, tour operators, cruise lines and airlines. To be able to under persist the complicated nature of the tourism industry, a frame based arise is suitable. Leipers tourism cast can be used as the theoretical framework as it views tourism as a form of a system in which there is an operational structure built up of interacting components. Leiper who was an early supporter of the adoption of a systems approach towards understanding tourism defined tourism as. . . the system involving the discretionary travel and temporary stay of persons away from theirusual place of home for one or more nights, excepting tours made for the primary purposeof earning remuneration from points en route. The elements of the system are tourists, generatingregions, transit routes, destination regions and a tourist industry. These five elements arearranged in spatial and operable connections. Having the characteristics of an open system,the organisation of five elements operates within broader environments bodily, cultural,social, economic, political, te chnological with which it interacts.The components of the tourism system are shown in the baffle below (fig 1.1). This whole tourism system approach helps to organise our knowledge about tourism and its descent with cruises. Leipers approach was to try and understand destinations, generating areas, transit zones, the environment and flows within the context of a wider tourism system rather than seeing them as separate independent entities.In the model there are threesome interactive components (i) the tourism generating region, (ii) the destination region and (iii) transit routes which link the both regions. It is evident that transport forms an intrinsic part of the tourism system by linking the tourist generating and destination regions together. Collier (1994) classifies tourism transport on several bases (e.g. public or private sector transport, water/land/air transport house servant and international transport and mode of transport). Cruise tourism is considered as a syste m in which cruisers and operators are major actors. The tourism-generating region and the destination region are linked together through cruising which is also a tourism product. This makes cruise ships a unique form of tourism transport. People go on a cruise more than they go to a place. And yet their major competition is not other forms of transport but real places. As Morrison et al. (1996 15) put itInstead of competing with the airlines, the cruise lines have become theirpartners and now argue with destinations, resorts, and other vacationalternatives. The cruise ship itself has become a floating resort providing themaximum manageable leisure and entertainment facilities.However Leipers model has been criticized for organism simplistic (Prosser, 1998). Prosser provided a more detailed model that, he claimed, represents more effectively the inner complexities of the tourism environment.2.3 SWOT compend for MauritiusSWOT is an acronym where the letters stand for Strengths, Wea knesses, Opportunities and Threats. It is a commonly used analytical tool in business environments that has become firmly established in the literature of strategic management (Evans, et al. 2003). A SWOT analysis is a useful way of assessing the situation that a destination faces in its effort to develop cruise tourism.. According to Weihrich (1982), the SWOT analysis is the process of analysing organisations and their environments based on their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. This includes the environmental analysis, the process of scanning the business environment for threats and opportunities, which is considered as outdoor(a) factors, and the organisational analysis, the process of analysing a firms strengths and weaknesses as internal factors.Internal factorsStrengthsWeaknessesA strategically located port in the Indian OceanCapacity and Infrastructure constraints- too few berthsSafe and wonderful tourism destinationCyclonic period during the months of Novem ber to MayPleasant climate practically whole year round marine constraints- For many big cruise vessels at the same timeVariety of land-based and water-based attractionsPoor maintenance of beaches and attractionsA great variety of culturesLow awareness in the market about cruise tourism in MauritiusRelatively good basic structures(hospitals, roads) and a good transport systemMauritius considered as an expensive destination and not within the reach of manyWorld class quality services by Tour Operators, Hotels, Restaurants, and Travel Agents.Poor service at the port and untrained staffMinimum formalities on arrival of cruise vesselsPoor road links to certain location and place of interest overleap of industry cohesionNo strategic plan at MPA and MOT levelExternal FactorsOpportunitiesThreatsEstimated two million tourists by the year 2015Seasonality of the industryBrand name- Ile Maurice un plaisirThreats by terrorists and Somalian PiratesThe cruise market authority is strong for Regio nal/ International growthCompetition from other exotic tourism destinationsImprovement of physical infrastructure including adequate parking facilities at places of interest and other recreational areasLikely increase in oil prices affecting cost of travelPolitical stability of market of originEconomic uncertainty- youthful bookings and close-to-home cruises to avoid expense on flyingAir network expansion facilitating Fly-cruise conceptStrong growth of European demand (German, French and Spanish markets)2.4 Sustainable development issues of cruise tourismAlthough a relatively new phenomenon, tourism has become one of the worlds largest industries in recent years. According to the World Tourism memorial tablet (WTO, 2004), sustainable tourism development meets the needs of present tourists and host regions while protecting and enhancing opportunities for the future. In 2008, International tourism arrival reached there were 922 million worldwide, with a growth of 1.9% as compared t o 2007. (WTO)Given its total significance, it is not surprising that the tourism industry has a substantial environmental impact. In particular, tourism development is associated with environmental problems like deforestation, soil or beach erosion, and coral ecosystem destruction. Since tourism development also tends to result in rapid urbanization, it can contribute to such problems as increased air and water pollution, as advantageously as inadequate solid waste management (Baver and Lynch 2006, 5). The scale and gravity of these impacts tend to be amplified in the Caribbean, where the environment comprises some of the most fragile ecosystems on earth, including beaches, coral reefs, and tropical forests (Lynch 2006, 158).When sustainable tourism has been applied to the industry, more emphasis has been given to tourisms effects upon the environment and economy, rather than to factors related to its effect on communities (Hardy et al, 2002 491)Cruise tourism is currently going th rough a period of revival with new vessels being launched and sailing to ever more exotic places.CriticismsHunter (1997) argues that different interpretations of sustainable tourism are discriminate urder different circumstances. The study of sustainable tourism should not be a rigid framework, but an accommodative paradigm which legitimizes a variety of approaches according to specific circtimstances (Htinter, 1997 851).